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Acne occurs more often during hormonal changes because hormones play a key role in regulating oil production and skin cell activity. During periods such as puberty, menstruation, pregnancy, or conditions like isotretinoin 20mg polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the body experiences fluctuations in hormones known as androgens. These hormones stimulate the sebaceous glands in the skin to produce more sebum, or oil. When excess oil combines with dead skin cells, it can clog pores and create an ideal environment for acne-causing bacteria to grow, leading to breakouts.
Hormonal changes also affect how skin cells shed and regenerate. Instead of shedding evenly, skin cells may stick together and block hair follicles more easily. This increases the formation of whiteheads, blackheads, and inflamed pimples. At the same time, acne-causing bacteria, particularly Cutibacterium acnes, multiply more rapidly in oil-rich, clogged pores. The immune system responds by triggering inflammation, which causes redness, swelling, and sometimes painful cystic acne.
In women, acne flare-ups are especially common before menstruation due to drops in estrogen and progesterone levels. These hormonal shifts allow androgens to have a stronger effect on oil glands, increasing sebum production. Hormonal birth control, pregnancy, or stopping certain medications can also disrupt hormonal balance, resulting in sudden acne outbreaks. Similarly, stress increases cortisol levels, which indirectly boosts oil production and worsens acne symptoms.
Managing hormonally driven acne often requires a combination of skincare, lifestyle changes, and medical treatment. Gentle cleansing, non-comedogenic products, and stress management can help control breakouts. In more persistent cases, dermatologists may recommend hormonal therapies or oral medications to regulate oil production and inflammation. Understanding the hormonal connection to acne helps individuals choose more effective treatment strategies and maintain healthier, clearer skin over time.